This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. Bisphenol a bpa is a chemical with widespread human exposure suspected of causing lowdose effects. Bisphenol a bpa is a chemical used in many applications including production of polymer products such as polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins which are used in various food contact materials efsa, 2006. The fact that some products are more toxic than others highlights opportunities for the development of low risk formulations and products with better environmental performance. The toxicity of bpa in groundwater invertebrates is insufficiently understood. Bisphenol a bpa is currently one of the worlds bestselling chemicals and primarily used to make. Quercetin ameliorates bisphenol ainduced toxicity in mice 559 figure 1effect of bisphenol a and its possible mitigation by quercetin in serum alt activity.
Bisphenol a bpa is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics. Ntp, ntpcerhr expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental. Sections i health hazard assessments for noncarcinogenic effects and. Toxicological summary for bisphenol a pdf minnesota. Agilent application solution analysis of bisphenol a leaching from baby feeding bottles application note consumer products abstract bisphenol a can leach out from the plastic surfaces of food containers and has been detected in various matrices such as plasma, urine and groundwater. Consumer exposure via food can occur through migration of bpa from food contact materials. The use of bpacontaining products in daily life makes exposure ubiquitous, and the potential human health risks of this chemical are a major public health concern. Health hazard and toxicity in humans and laboratory animals. Longterm adverse effects of neonatal exposure to bisphenol a. A variety of other toxic effects have also been noted.
Human exposure to bpa occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact from a variety of sources kang et al. The ester linkage of bisdma undergoes hydrolysis reaction in saliva to convert bisdma into bpa. Bisphenol a is also found in epoxy resins, which act as a protective lining on the inside of metalbased food and beverage cans. Update on bisphenol a for use in food contact applications u. Determination of bisphenol a and 4nonylphenol in media. Bisphenol a bpa summary pdf 22 pp, 214 k, march, 2010. Evaluation of bpa confirmed a noobservable adverse effect level noael of 5 mgkgbody weightday and established a maximum total daily intake tdi of 0. Containers made with these plastics may expose people to small amounts of bpa in food and water.
The use of bpacontaining products in daily life makes exposure ubiquitous, and the potential human health risks of. Bisphenol a bpa is an industrial chemical used to make a hard, clear plastic known as polycarbonate, which is used in many consumer products, including reusable water bottles and baby bottles. Bisphenol a sources, toxicity and biotransformation. Mutagenicity and dna damage of bisphenol a and its. Bpa is white, crystalline solid substance with meltingpoint of 156 c and boilingpoint of 220 c at pressure of 5 hpa. This type of plastic is used to make some types of beverage containers, compact disks, plastic dinnerware, impactresistant safety equipment, automobile parts, and toys. From the information sheet series produced by the bisphenol a global industry group october 2002 human safety assessment of bisphenol a page 3 the most definitive tests of the validity of the lowdose hypothesis for bpa are two largescale reproductive and developmental toxicity studies using accepted protocols. Cerhr expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of bisphenol a. Agilent application solution analysis of bisphenol a leaching from baby feeding bottles application note consumer products abstract bisphenol a can leach out from the plastic surfaces of food containers and has been detected in. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in organic solvents, but poorly soluble in water 0. Bpa bisphenol a is a chemical used in certain food contact materials and first approved by fda in the early 1960s. Polycarbonate plastics have many applications including use in some food and drink packaging such as water and baby bottles, compact discs, impactresistant safety equipment, and. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health effects.
Bpa can furthermore be used as an additive geens et al. Endocrine mechanisms mediating effects of bisphenol a at levels of human exposure. If a release into the aquatic environment did occur, bisphenol a epoxy diacrylate is anticipated to have a minimal effect. Bisphenol a controversy centers on concerns and debates about the biomedical significance of bisphenol a bpa, which is a precursor to polymers that are used in some consumer products, including some food containers. Bisphenolsa cas mw logk ow b logk aw c halflife day bcfe baff gmol atmosphered water soil sediment. Are structural analogues to bisphenol a safe alternatives. In recent years, concerns have been raised about bpas safety. Bpa is used primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastic containers, water. Bisphenol a epoxy diacrylate has no aquatic toxicity. Ntpcerhr expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of bisphenol a birth defects research part b 83. Bisphenol a bpa is a component of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Mutagenicity and dna damage of bisphenol a and its structural. Corrosion protection products as a source of bisphenol a.
In 2008, the us national toxicology programs center for the evaluation of risks to. Developmental toxicity for fetuses, infants, and children. Department of health and human services public health service national institute ofs health. As a result, bpa is incorporated in many products including food and drink containers, toys, thermal receipt paper, and dental sealants. Bisphenol a is an endocrine disruptor that can mimic estrogen and has been shown to cause negative health effects in animal studies. Exposure to bisphenol a and other phenols in neonatal intensive care unit premature infants. Bisphenol a bpa is a plastic ingredient produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is soluble in organic solvent, but almost insoluble in water. Bisphenol a bpa is a chemical commonly used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. The acute toxicity data together with the fact that bisphenol a rapidly biodegrades in surface waters indicate a low potential for chronic exposure or toxicity. Bisphenol a bpa daily intakes in the united states. Bisphenol a bpa factsheet national biomonitoring program. The endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol a bpa is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Use of the gamma h2ax assay for assessing the genotoxicity of bisphenol a and bisphenol f in human cell lines.
Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health effects congressional research service summary bisphenol a bpa is used to produce certain types of plastic that are used in thousands of formulations for myriad products. Transfer of bisphenol a from thermal printer paper to the skin. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Results show that anticorrosion coatings based on epoxy resins can be a source of toxicity to the aquatic environment.
Bisphenol a bpa is a high production volume chemical, and worldwide used in food and beverage packaging materials, dental sealants and composite fillings, medical devices and thermal paper rochester, 20. Pdf bisphenol a and its potential toxic effects on living organisms. Jan 05, 2017 you may have seen water bottles labeled bpa free or heard that certain foods contain bpa. In this study, pregnant mice f0 were orally dosed with vehicle, bpa 0. Bisphenol a, or bpa, is a chemical compound used to make polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and other materials. Melatonin ameliorates bisphenol ainduced biochemical toxicity in testicular mitochondria of mouse. Based on new data and methodologies, efsa has lowered the estimated safe level, known as the tolerable daily intake tdi, to 4 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day. Bisphenol a bpa is an industrial chemical that has been present in many.
The toxicological effects of bisphenol a are well understood. Bisphenol a closely mimics the structure and function of the hormone estradiol by binding to and activating the same estrogen receptor as the natural hormone. Bisphenol a bpa is a chemical compound used in massive amounts in the production of synthetic polymers and thermal paper. Bisphenol a bpa, used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, is one such hormonally active chemical that is receiving increased attention due to its potential for human exposure. Bisphenol a, more commonly known as bpa, is a chemical widely used to make polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Highcontent analysis provides mechanistic insights into. Both acute 24 h and chronic 28 d toxicity was compared in daphnia magna and. Unlike bisgma and bisema, bisdma has an ester linkage connecting bisphenol a molecule to resin. Bisphenol a bpa is a high production volume chemical with a u.
Bpa is used primarily in making polycarbonate plastic and some epoxy resins. Highcontent analysis provides mechanistic insights into the testicular toxicity of bisphenol a and selected analogues in mouse spermatogonial cells shenxuan liang department of environmental health science, college of public health, university of georgia, athens, georgia. Calculated physicochemical properties of bisphenol analogues based on epiweb 4. However, the photosensitization will be insignificant in ambient exposure, although careful control of occupational exposure, which is beyond the scope of this assessment, may be required. Bisphenolsa cas mw logk ow b logk aw c halflife day bcfe baff gmol atmosphered water soil sediment bpa 080057 228. Thus, a need for developing alterna we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health effects congressional research service 3 in children. Bisphenol a bpa current state of knowledge and future actions. The toxicity is not associated with bpa, as product 1 did not release measureable amounts of the compound. Since concern has been mounting regarding the human health and. This conclusion is based on its lack of toxicity to aquatic organisms, its ability to degrade in the aquatic environment, and its low potential for bioaccumulation. Neurological effects of bisphenol a and its analogues.
By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Agilent application solution analysis of bisphenol a. Update on bisphenol a for use in food contact applications. The adverse effects of prenatal diethylstilbestrol des exposure are a classic example. Pdf bisphenol a bpa is a plastic ingredient produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and. In utero bisphenol a bpa exposure affects reproductive function in the first generation f1 of mice. It is a monomer used in manufacturing most or all polycarbonate plastics, the majority of epoxy resins, and certain other products such as flame retardants mannsville, 2008a. Toxicological profile for bisphenol a ocean protection council. Most modern dental resin materials contain bpaderivatives but not pure bpa, such as bisgma, bisema, and bisdma. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Tr215 carcinogenesis bioassay of bisphenol a cas no.
Agilent application solution analysis of bisphenol a leaching. The concerns began with the hypothesis that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, i. Download acrobat pdf file 864kb recommended articles citing articles 0 references afnor, 2000. Corrosion protection products as a source of bisphenol a and. Concern has been raised because of potential toxic and hormonal.
You may have seen water bottles labeled bpa free or heard that certain foods contain bpa. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health effects congressional research service 1 introduction bisphenol a bpa 1 is a synthetic chemical compound produced in the united states in large quantities, approximately 2. In mice treated with bpa at oral doses comparable with. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health.
Request pdf bisphenol a sources, toxicity and biotransformation bisphenol a bpa is a chemical compound used in massive amounts in the production of synthetic polymers and thermal paper. The effects of in utero bisphenol a exposure on reproductive. The developing fetus is uniquely sensitive to perturbation by chemicals with hormonelike activity. One of the most extensively tested materials in use today, bpa. Highcontent analysis provides mechanistic insights into the. For photosensitization, no established method is available for extrapolating animal toxicological data to effects on humans.
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