Determination of the refractive index of a glass block. Snells law northwestern undergraduate physics labs. Learning objectives and relevant standards are also included in the pdf version of the complete toolkit. An observer at point o sees the fish at 1 a greater depth than it really is 2 the same depth 3 a shallower depth than it really is 2 a fish swims below the surface of the water at point p. Ppt refraction and snells law powerpoint presentation.
So let s talk about snell s law, snell s law is the quantitative way that we can do refraction basically what we do is we look at a boundary between 2 media weve got 1 index of refraction and 1 another index of refraction and 2 and what were interested in is the relationship between the angle that the incident ray comes in at off of the normal and the angle that the transmitted or refracted. As with any equation in physics, the snell s law equation is valued for its predictive ability. Practical investigation aslam khan, keenan wong and jinhyuk yeh 20 aim. In part 1 of this lab you will investigate the bending of light as it. Pdf snells law of refraction observed in thermal frontal. The physics classroom grants teachers and other users the right to print this pdf document and to download this pdf document for private use. The bending of a light ray as it passes from air to water is determined by snells law. Light travels at different speeds through different materials, causing it to bend according to snells law. Familiarize yourself with the operation of the apparatus and notice the sensitivity to correct alignment of the sample and the incident beam. This speed is thought to be a universal constant and the highest speed allowed in nature as postulated in. Snells law equates the ratio of material velocities v 1 and v 2 to the ratio of the sines of incident and refracted angles, as shown in the following equation. Full text of physics 11, snells law experiment see other formats physics experiment 6 snells law purpose.
Reflection and refraction 17 be scattered away from its original direction figure 2. Video frame from our experiment, where a semicircular body is crossed by a laser beam. Students use an optics ray table to measure the incident and refraction angles of a light ray traveling from air into a material with unknown index of refraction, and then, using the principles of refraction and snell s law, they determine the materials index of refraction. Pdf laws of reflection and snells law revisited by. Reflection and refraction university of calgary in alberta. The bending of a light ray as it passes from air to water is determined by snell s law.
This scattering is caused by the interaction of light with small particles, even atoms or molecules, within the material. Goals of the experiment to study and observe the laws of reflection and refraction. The purpose of this lab is lab to test snell s law of refraction. The pdf version of the complete toolkit contains all the resources with full descriptions in a printerfriendly format. Snells law experiments optics and optical phenomena. Snells law, in optics, a relationship between the path taken by a ray of light in crossing the boundary or surface of separation between two contacting substances and the refractive index of each. Light is an electromagnetic disturbance and, as such, is described using maxwells equations, which expresses the relationship between the electric.
It is shown that the sizes of the angles of incidence and refraction are related to the speed of the light through the medium. Snell clinical anatomy by regions pdf being the book of clinical anatomy is of the best anatomy resource. Snell s law lab christie fosina 43014 physics regents mrs. When a light travels from one medium to another medium, its speed and wave length will change. The project should include some background information on snells law, all the steps taken in the experiments, key experimental results and a conclusion about the experiment including identification of the unknown solid from the refractive index. Phy pack 4 refractive index law 2 produced by physics group, university of cape coast, as part of a delphe funded project title. Physics 11, snells law experiment internet archive.
Refraction and snells law 1 a fish swims below the surface of the water at point p. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. To verify snells law and measure the refractive index of a solid diagram apparatus laser glass block protractor procedure 1. This law also applies to the bending of light by lenses and to the guiding of light by the fiber optic cables that carry modern communications signals. In this lab, students use an optics ray table to measure the incident and refraction. The scattered light goes off in many different directions, and may be scattered again and again before it is finally absorbed. Snells law of refraction observed in thermal frontal polymerization article pdf available in chaos 173. Snells law example 1 if youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Apr 09, 2020 the account of snells law went unpublished until its mention by christiaan huygens in his treatise on light. This proof of snells law is purely geometric and only requires the initial assumption that the index of refraction, n, is related to the speed of light in the media by the following relation. Unlike reflection, refraction also depends on the media. To verify snells law and find the relationship between angle of incidence and the angle of refraction, for monochromatic light passing from air into perspex. The pdf version of the teacher toolkit on the topic of refraction and snells law is displayed below.
The objective of this experiment is to verify the snells law of refraction by tracking a laser ray through a rectangular slab of glass equipment. Verify snells law and use it to identify an unknown material. Understand the concept of total internal reflection. We will be measuring the angles of incidence and refraction and substituting into snells law to solve for the index of refraction of glass. Snells law and refraction pdf version of complete toolkit. Snell s law equates the ratio of material velocities v 1 and v 2 to the ratio of the sine s of incident and refracted angles, as shown in the following equation. The law of refraction is also known as snells law, named for willobrord snell, who discovered the law in 1621. In this experiment you will measure the refraction of light as it passes from one medium to another, and you will determine the index of refraction of a given liquid. To verify snells law and measure the refractive index of. Verification of snells law free download as pdf file. This document includes several ray tracings which can be used by students to do a takehome lab. In addition, we will be measuring various lengths in order to demonstrate the utility of the sine. Snells law relates the indices of refraction to the angles of light rays in two media. Despite the simplicity of the laws of light reflection and snells law, students show some difficulties concerning basic.
Devise an experiment to validate snells law and determine the index of refraction of the material of your sample. Nov 27, 2015 on this page you can read or download snell s law experiment memo grade 11 in pdf format. Nov 24, 2015 on this page you can read or download snells law experiment engineering in pdf format. Dec 14, 2009 an experimental demonstration of snell s law of refraction. An experimental demonstration of snells law of refraction. Snell s law example 1 if youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Physics 4 laboratory snells law, lenses, and optical instruments.
Students use an optics ray table to measure the incident and refraction angles of a light ray traveling from air into a material with unknown index of refraction, and then, using the principles of refraction and snells law, they determine. The objective of this experiment is to use snell s law to determine the index of refraction of a glass plate. Laser level, protractor, plate glass, plain paper, pencil, data sheet procedure. As the angle of incidence increases so will the angle of refraction directly proportional. Snells law also known as snelldescartes law and the law of refraction is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air in optics, the law is used in ray tracing to compute the angles of incidence or. Download wolfram player light travels at different speeds through different materials, causing it to bend according to snells law. Snells law lab report snells law lab christie fosina. If the angles of the incident and refracted rays are. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains.
Here light is represented by traveling wave fronts coming from a light source above the boundary between two materials. Students use an optics ray table to measure the incident and refraction angles of a light ray traveling from air into a material with unknown index of refraction, and then, using the principles of refraction and snells law, they determine the materials index of refraction. Pdf laws of reflection and snells law revisited by video modeling. We will be measuring the angles of incidence and refraction and substituting into snell s law to solve for the index of refraction of glass. Snell anatomy has 10 editions and is written by richard s snell. The project should include some background information on snell s law, all the steps taken in the experiments, key experimental results and a conclusion about the experiment including identification of the unknown solid from the refractive index. Draw the incident and emergent paths of the laser on the paper. Refraction and snell s law 1 a fish swims below the surface of the water at point p. Snells law, which states that the refractive index ratio where.
This law also applies to the bending of light by lenses and to the guiding of light by the fiber optic. Snells law describes the relationship between the angles and the velocities of the waves. Diploma in basic education students also suitable for. Laws of reflection and snells law revisited by video modeling. A rectangular slab of glass, a laser pointer, a few sheets of paper, a sharp pencil, a ruler, and a protractor. V l1 is the longitudinal wave velocity in material 1.
Snells clinical neuroanatomy 8th edition pdf, equips medical and health professions students with a complete, clinically oriented understanding of neuroanatomy. The experiment consists of a laser ray box, laser safety goggles, optics bench, 2 cir cular cartesian. Description you will observe how white light interacts with a planar surface of transparent material. Snell s law describes the relationship between the angles and the velocities of the waves. Snells law lab christie fosina physics regents purpose. A good approach is to measure the angle of refraction for. This book is compatible with netter atlas and can be used along with it for better learning.
Physics 4 laboratory snells law, lenses, and optical. Place the glass block in the middle of the a4 piece of paper so that its sides are parallel to each of. Refraction and snells law reading shen and kong ch. On this page you can read or download snells law experiment engineering in pdf format. Refraction of light and snells law the phenomena of the light going into the other medium after striking a boundary separating the two media is called refraction. How could you use your experiment to verify this calculated value. This law was discovered in 1621 by the dutch astronomer and mathematician willebrord snell also called snellius.
From te analysis from phase matching from fermats principle of least time total internal reflection and fibers fios. Snells law advanced placement lab experiments pasco. Snells law was used to calculate the angle of refraction. Aim a laser at the glass block so that it emerges on the opposite site. And all this is saying is that this angle so let me write it down hereso lets say that this velocity right here is velocity 2 this velocity up here was velocity 1, going back to the original. Here light is represented by traveling wave fronts coming from a light source above the.
You will monitor a reflected and a transmitted ray to decide whether the law of reflection andor snells law of. Place a glass block on a sheet of paper and draw its outline. We know that light experiences the refraction or bending when it travels from one medium to another medium. Positions of the front at various times between t 10 s and t 48 s for the refracted wave front in the experiment shown in fig. Verification of snells law refraction refractive index scribd. Videos were recorded with a photo camera at 30 framess, and analysed with the open source. Hence n 1 sin i n 2 sin j n 2 sin k n 1 sin i therefor i i. Like with reflection, refraction also involves the angles that the incident ray and the refracted ray make with the normal to the surface at the point of refraction. Light is shone through a glass block at various angles. Homework statement b a student wants to find the refractive index of a rectangular block of glass. Determination of the refractive index of a glass block using law target group. Snell s law and the index of refraction introduction.
In this lab, students use an optics ray table to measure the incident and refraction angles of a light ray traveling from air into a material with unknown index of refraction, and then, using the principles of refraction and snells law, they determine the materials index of refraction. This experiment will require you to follow the steps below 5 times once for each piece of a4 paper. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Snell s law also known as snell descartes law and the law of refraction is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air. Snells law tells us the degree of refraction and relation between the angle of incidence, the angle of refraction and refractive indices of given pair of media. You will monitor a reflected and a transmitted ray to decide whether the law of reflection andor snells law of refraction predict your observations adequately. And to get to the next level, theres actually something called snells law. This book is used by medical students to learn different structures of human body. If any three of the four variables in the equation are known, the fourth variable can be predicted if appropriate problemsolving skills are employed.
And all this is saying is that this angle so let me write it down hereso let s say that this velocity right here is velocity 2 this velocity up here was velocity 1, going back to the original. He draws around the block and marks the position of a ray of light that travels through the block. Apr 24, 2017 snell clinical anatomy by regions pdf being the book of clinical anatomy is of the best anatomy resource. Products purchased from 3rd party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Review the laws of reflection and refraction and snells law. A calibrated paper template allows the angles of incidence and refraction to be. View lab report snells law lab report from physical s ap physics at carmel high school. With the block removed, the student can draw in a normal line and then measure the angle of. While the speed of light is constant in a vacuum, the speed of light in air and in transparent solids is somewhat less. A physics 11 experiment on refraction and snell s law. Deduce whether the index of refraction for a material is a constant. A ray is a line that has an origin but does not have an end. As with any equation in physics, the snells law equation is valued for its predictive ability. To use snells law to determine the index of refraction n of a piece of glass and to use it to find the speed of light in that glass materials.
Pdf we demonstrate that snells law of refraction can be applied to thermal fronts. On this page you can read or download snell s law experiment memo grade 11 in pdf format. The pdf version of the teacher toolkit on the topic of refraction and snell s law is displayed below. Outline te and tm fields refraction and snells law. Light is an electromagnetic disturbance and, as such, is described using maxwells equations, which expresses the relationship between the electric and. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. In the figure, n 1 and n 2 represent the indices of refraction for the two media, and. The following optional experiments demonstrate snells law. Download as docx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Light is an electromagnetic disturbance and, as such, is described using maxwells equations, which expresses the relationship between the electric and magnetic fields in an oscillating wave.
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